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Being eco-friendly in Moldova: the facets of the plastic pollution problem and its long-term solutions

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People become nowadays more and more aware of the environmental pollution and waste management problems, feeling the need to implement urgent solutions. In the European Union, the Single Use Plastics Directive was already approved. It aims restriction in consumption and production of certain plastic products, as well as their replacement with more sustainable ones. The directive also bans certain single-use plastic products (cotton buds, cutlery, plates, straws, drink stirrers and balloon sticks) starting from 2021.

According to European Commission, more than 80% of marine litter is plastics. Because of the slow decomposition speed, plastic accumulates in seas, oceans and beaches around the world. As a consequence, plastic traces are found in marine organisms such as turtles, seals, whales and birds, but also in fish and seafood, and are therefore present in the human food chain as well, a statement of European Commission reported.

The plastic pollution problem in Moldova

The Republic of Moldova has recently approved new regulations regarding the use of plastic bags in retail trade. Therefore, starting from January 2019, the use of shopping bags with or without a handle, with a thickness equal to or greater than 50 microns, is forbidden. Plastic bags with a thickness of less than 15 microns will be banned from January 2021, except for those used as packaging. Additionally, the use and sale of plastic plates, glasses, other disposable tableware, as well as cotton buds made of plastic, shall be prohibited from 1 January 2021.

Moldova seems to keep up with the European Union, at first sight. But just as any other problem in Moldova, this one has multiple facets. The new law provisions were already criticized, as they entered into force, but a control mechanism wasn’t implemented yet. According to the declarations of the director of the National Agency for Food Safety (NAFS), Ion Sula, the law doesn’t expressly stipulate who will assume the responsibility of controlling the retail agents. That basically means that the law exists only formally, without an implementation. There are still a lot of retail shops that didn’t remove the plastic bags, which represent the object of the current restrictions, from their activity. And they won’t do it, as long as personal interests and corruption represent a priority.

Photo: moldnova.eu

What is even worse, is that people are not informed enough about the ecological impact of plastic use and, consequently, don’t really take any measure to reduce their plastic products consumption. It was estimated that each Moldovan citizen uses, in average, 140 plastic bags annually, that amounting 420 million plastic bags in total. Beside shopping bags, people of the Republic of Moldova use and then throw away a lot of other products made from plastic. Most of them are even not reused, whereas recycling remains just a dream for the Moldovan environmentalists.

According to a report issued by the Court of Accounts in 2017, about 1.1 thousand tons of waste oil, 2.4 thousand tons of waste batteries and accumulators, and 260 thousand tons of packaging waste are generated annually on the territory of the Republic of Moldova. The audit made by the Court of Accounts found that, in the Republic of Moldova, only 10% of the recyclable waste is recovered, the remaining 90% are transported to landfill sites, which generate major risks of damage to the environment and the health of the population.

Photo: moldnova.eu

Moreover, the same report stated that 99.7% or 1147 landfill sites located in urban and rural areas did not meet the requirements of environmental legislation. Experts have found that no project on the collection and sorting of packaging waste has been funded over the past three years from the National Ecological Fund, although importers of plastic, polyethylene and cardboard packaging pay a green fee for this purpose.

Alternatives and solutions

Certainly, just like in the countries of the European Union, there are a lot of alternatives for plastic in Moldova as well. The authors of the law initiative regarding the ban of plastic bags in Moldova proposed such alternatives as disposable paper, corn flour, organic hemp, sugar, cane, starch or wheat. Some retail agents have already begun to promote such alternatives. It’s just that they are usually more expensive and not so popular as the plastic products.

Andrei Isac, an environment expert from Moldova, declared for a publication that the population of Moldova is not ready and merely indifferent to the plastic problem, having a limited possibility and wish to use alternatives or to sort the waste. Here is where the government must promote economic incentives to promote existing alternatives, establish bans on production and import of plastics, and raise penalties for violating environmental legislation.

Environmental changes are not easy to be implemented in Moldova, a country where the level of corruption is high and where population has a merely conservative attitude towards any of them. Still, some initiatives were already put into action, proving that being eco-friendly is possible in Moldova as well.

Lately, more and more producers of cloth shopping bags are ready to offer their products to the public. ITorba, Iuvas, Pangea Art. Eco. Love, Torbesc, Kasandruta, Mesto, Ponti and so many more options are already available.

A painted cloth bag from Pangea Art. Eco. Love

The industry of producing biodegradable bags from the corn starch is only at the beginning in Moldova, but it can be evaluated as having a great potential, as the raw material can be obtained at a low cost in the country and, therefore, the products have a reasonable price as well. In this case, the pioneer on the Moldovan market seems to be the company Mac Del Prim, which is an official representative of a bigger international producer of biodegradable bags, plates, bowls, trays and containers.

More and more cafes from the Moldovan capital offer biodegradable paper or even metal straws to their drinks. There are already companies and organisations in Moldova that are involved in sorting waste disposal, as well as plastic and metal recycling (ABS Recycling Moldova, Sanin) or companies that produce wood industrial packaging (Rikipal). The Environment Agency of Moldova displays more than 100 non-governmental organisations that are in charge with raising awareness about the environmental issues in Moldova.

These are by far not the only initiatives. More is yet to come when both the government, businesses and individuals will cooperate.

Photo: Getty images

Jurnalistă that speaks English very well. De aia Maria are grijă că prietenii noștri străini să nu piardă nicio informație valoroasă despre actualitatea din Moldova.

Society

“They are not needy, but they need help”. How Moldovan volunteers try to create a safe environment for the Ukrainian refugees

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At the Government’s ground floor, the phones ring constantly, the laptop screens never reach standby. In one corner of the room there is a logistics planning meeting, someone has a call on Zoom with partners and donors, someone else finally managed to take a cookie and make some coffee. Everyone is exhausted and have sleepy red eyes, but the volunteers still have a lot of energy and dedication to help in creating a safe place for the Ukrainian refugees.

“It’s like a continuous bustle just so you won’t read the news. You get home sometimes and you don’t have time for news, and that somehow helps. It’s a kind of solidarity and mutual support,” says Vlada Ciobanu, volunteer responsible for communication and fundraising.

The volunteers group was formed from the very first day of war. A Facebook page was created, where all types of messages immediately started to flow: “I offer accommodation”, “I want to help”, “I want to get involved”, “Where can I bring the products?”, “I have a car and I can go to the customs”. Soon, the authorities also started asking for volunteers’ support. Now they all work together, coordinate activities and try to find solutions to the most difficult problems.

Is accommodation needed for 10, 200 or 800 people? Do you need transportation to the customs? Does anyone want to deliver 3 tons of apples and does not know where? Do you need medicine or mobile toilets? All these questions require prompt answers and actions. Blankets, sheets, diapers, hygiene products, food, clothes – people bring everything, and someone needs to quickly find ways of delivering them to those who need them.

Sometimes this collaboration is difficult, involves a lot of bureaucracy, and it can be difficult to get answers on time. “Republic of Moldova has never faced such a large influx of refugees and, probably because nobody thought this could happen, a mechanism of this kind of crisis has not been developed. Due to the absence of such a mechanism that the state should have created, we, the volunteers, intervened and tried to help in a practical way for the spontaneous and on the sport solutions of the problems,” mentions Ecaterina Luțișina, volunteer responsible for the refugees’ accommodation.

Ana Maria Popa, one of the founders of the group “Help Ukrainians in Moldova/SOS Українці Молдовa” says that the toughest thing is to find time and have a clear mind in managing different procedures, although things still happen somehow naturally. Everyone is ready to intervene and help, to take on more responsibilities and to act immediately when needed. The biggest challenges arise when it is necessary to accommodate large families, people with special needs, for which alternative solutions must be identified.

Goods and donations

The volunteers try to cope with the high flow of requests for both accommodation and products of all kinds. “It came to me as a shock and a panic when I found out that both mothers who are now in Ukraine, as well as those who found refuge in our country are losing their milk because of stress. We are trying to fill an enormous need for milk powder, for which the demand is high and the stocks are decreasing”, says Steliana, the volunteer responsible for the distribution of goods from the donation centers.

Several centers have been set up to collect donations in all regions of Chisinau, and volunteers are redirecting the goods to where the refugees are. A system for processing and monitoring donations has already been established, while the volunteer drivers take over the order only according to a unique code.

Volunteers from the collection centers also do the inventory – the donated goods and the distributed goods. The rest is transported to Vatra deposit, from where it is distributed to the placement centers where more than 50 refugees are housed.

When they want to donate goods, but they don’t know what would be needed, people are urged to put themselves in the position of refugees and ask themselves what would they need most if they wake up overnight and have to hurriedly pack their bags and run away. Steliana wants to emphasise that “these people are not needy, but these people need help. They did not choose to end up in this situation.”

Furthermore, the volunteer Cristina Sîrbu seeks to identify producers and negotiate prices for products needed by refugees, thus mediating the procurement process for NGOs with which she collaborates, such as Caritas, World Children’s Fund, Polish Solidarity Fund, Lifting hands, Peace Corps and others.

One of the challenges she is facing now is the identifying a mattress manufacturer in the West, because the Moldovan mattress manufacturer that has been helping so far no longer has polyurethane, a raw material usually imported from Russia and Ukraine.

Cristina also needs to find solutions for the needs of the volunteer groups – phones, laptops, gsm connection and internet for a good carrying out of activities.

Hate messages

The most difficult thing for the communication team is to manage the hate messages on the social networks, which started to appear more often. “Even if there is some sort of dissatisfaction from the Ukrainian refugees and those who offer help, we live now in a very diverse society, there are different kind of people, and we act very differently under stress,” said Vlada Ciobanu.

Translation by Cătălina Bîrsanu

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Important

#WorldForUkraine – a map that shows the magnitude of the world’s actions against Russian aggression

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The international community and volunteers from all over te world have launched #WorldForUkraine as a platform that shows the magnitude of the world’s actions against the Russian aggression. In a digital world – it is an interactive map of public support of Ukrainians under the hashtag #WorldForUkraine – rallies, flash mobs, protests around the world. In the physical dimension – it is your opportunity to take to the streets and declare: “No to Putin’s aggression, no to war.”

„Today, along with the political and military support, emotional connection with the civilized world and truthful information are extremely important for Ukraine. The power to do it is in your hands. Join the #WorldForUkraine project and contribute to the victorious battle against the bloodshed inflicted on Ukraine by the aggression of the Russian Federation”, says the „about the project” section of the platform.

Go to the streets — Tell people — Connect and Unite — Become POWERFUL

Volunteers have launched #WorldForUkraine as a platform that shows the magnitude of the world’s actions against Russian aggression. In digital world – it is an INTERACTIVE MAP of public support of Ukrainians worldforukraine.net under the hashtag #WorldForUkraine – rallies, flash mobs, protests around the world. In the physical dimension – it is your opportunity to take to the streets and declare: “No to Putin’s aggression, no to war.” There you may find information about past and future rallies in your city in support of Ukraine. This is a permanent platform for Ukrainian diaspora and people all over the world concerned about the situation in Ukraine.

So here’s a couple of things you could do yourself to help:

* if there is a political rally in your city, then participate in it and write about it on social media with geolocation and the hashtag #WorldForUkraine

* if there are no rallies nearby, organize one in support of Ukraine yourself, write about it on social media with geolocation adding the hashtag #WorldForUkraine

The map will add information about gathering by #WorldForUkraine AUTOMATICALLY

Your voice now stronger THAN ever

All rallies are already here: https://worldforukraine.net

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Important

How is Moldova managing the big influx of Ukrainian refugees? The authorities’ plan, explained 

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From 24th to 28th of February, 71 359 Ukrainian citizens entered the territory of Republic of Moldova. 33 173 of them left the country. As of this moment, there are 38 186 Ukrainian citizens in Moldova, who have arrived over the past 100 hours. 

The Moldovan people and authorities have organized themselves quickly from the first day of war between Russia and Ukraine. However, in the event of a prolonged armed conflict and a continuous influx of Ukrainian refugees, the efforts and donations need to be efficiently managed. Thus, we inquired about Moldova’s long-term plan and the state’s capacity to receive, host, and treat a bigger number of refugees. 

On February 26th, the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of Moldova approved the Regulation of organization and functioning of the temporary Placement Center for refugees and the staffing and expenditure rules. According to the Regulation, the Centers will have the capacity of temporary hosting and feeding at least 20 persons, for a maximum of 3 months, with the possibility of extending this period. The Centers will also offer legal, social, psychological, and primary medical consultations to the refugees. The Center’s activity will be financed from budget allocations, under Article 19 of Provision no. 1 of the Exceptional Situations Commission from February 24th, 2022, and from other sources of funding that do not contravene applicable law.

The Ministry of Inner Affairs and the Government of Moldova facilitated the organization of the volunteers’ group “Moldova for Peace”.  Its purpose is to receive, offer assistance and accommodation to the Ukrainian refugees. The group is still working on creating a structure, registering and contacting volunteers, etc. It does not activate under a legal umbrella. 

Lilia Nenescu, one of the “Moldova for Peace” volunteers, said that the group consists of over 20 people. Other 1700 registered to volunteer by filling in this form, which is still available. The group consists of several departments: 

The volunteers’ department. Its members act as fixers: they’re responsible for connecting the people in need of assistance with the appropriate department. Some of the volunteers are located in the customs points. “The Ministry of Inner Affairs sends us every day the list of the customs points where our assistance is needed, and we mobilize the volunteers”, says Lilia Nenescu. 

The Goods Department manages all the goods donated by the Moldavian citizens. The donations are separated into categories: non-perishable foods and non-food supplies. The volunteers of this department sort the goods into packages to be distributed. 

The Government intends to collect all the donations in four locations. The National Agency for Food Safety and the National Agency for Public Health will ensure mechanisms to confirm that all the deposited goods comply with safety and quality regulations. 

The Service Department operates in 4 directions and needs the volunteer involvement of specialists in psychology, legal assistance (the majority of the refugees only have Ukrainian ID and birth certificates of their children); medical assistance; translation (a part of the refugees are not Ukrainian citizens). 

According to Elena Mudrîi, the spokesperson of the Ministry of Health, so far there is no data about the number of  Covid-19 positive refugees. She only mentioned two cases that needed outpatient medical assistance: a pregnant woman and the mother of a 4-day-old child. 

The Accommodation Department. The volunteers are waiting for the centralized and updated information from the Ministry of Labor about the institutions offering accommodation, besides the houses offered by individuals. 

The Transport Department consists of drivers organized in groups. They receive notifications about the number of people who need transportation from the customs points to the asylum centers for refugees.

The municipal authorities of Chișinău announced that the Ukrainian children refugees from the capital city will be enrolled in educational institutions. The authorities also intend to create Day-Care Centers for children, where they will be engaged in educational activities and will receive psychological assistance. Besides, the refugees from the municipal temporary accommodation centers receive individual and group counseling. 

In addition to this effort, a group of volunteers consisting of Ana Gurău, Ana Popapa, and Andrei Lutenco developed, with the help of Cristian Coșneanu, the UArefugees platform, synchronized with the responses from this form. On the first day, 943 people offered their help using the form, and 110 people asked for help. According to Anna Gurău, the volunteers communicate with the Government in order to update the platform with the missing data. 

Translation from Romanian by Natalia Graur

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