Politics
Unity of Russia’s muslims must come from below
Reading Time: 4 minutesUnity of Russia’s muslims must come from below
by Paul Goble
Frustrated by the often unseemly struggles of the leaders of Russia’s Muslim Spiritual Directorates (MSDs) and convinced that both Russia and Russia’s Muslims would benefit from the formation of a united Islamic organization, Mufti Ravil Gainutdin, head of the Council of Muftis of Russia (SMR) says that such unity must come from below.
In an interview in today’s “Rossiiskaya gazeta,” Gainutdin thus challenges not only the MSD system created by the state to control Muslims but lacking any canonical basis in Islam but also the leaders of the other “super MSDs” – the Central MSD of Talgat Tajuddin of the Central MSD and Ismail-Haji Berdiyev of the Coordinating Center of Muslims of the North Caucasus.
And while he is careful to say that Muslims “must consider the opinion” of such leaders, Gainutdin says that, given that “Islam is a very democratic religion,” it is absolutely essentially that the unification process take into consideration “the opinion of the multi-million-member umma of Russia itself (www.rg.ru/2010/06/16/islam.html).
When Russia’s Muslims in the early years of the 20th century first sought to escape from the control of the MSDs set up by the tsarist authorities, they convened three major all-Russian Muslim congresses where an enormous range of ideas were offered before that entire process was stopped by the Soviets and the straightjacket of the MSDs re-imposed.
Because of the likelihood that a broader public discussion of Islamic arrangements would reduce the leverage of the state on the Islamic community, undermine the power of current MSD leaders, and quite possibly lead to the airing of radical sentiments, Gainutdin’s project is unlikely to win much support among the political and religious establishments.
But the arguments the SMR chief makes are sufficiently numerous and compelling that they may lead others to change their minds, agreeing to a more democratic approach to Islamic governance in order to gain the benefits that the creation of a single Islamic body would provide, despite the risks that his proposed process of getting there might entail.
Gainutdin refuses to say which Russian Muslim organization is the “leading” one today, arguing that “both the umma itself and out society as a whole know who is who in the Muslim community,” especially given the behavior of some of the supposed leaders which has had the effect of “discrediting” Islam in the minds of many.
“Muslims today,” the SMR chief continues, “are mature and literate” to make up their minds, and it is “not necessary to artificially proclaim” someone a leader or impose him on the community. That is not only offensive to the spirit of Islam, but it guarantees that such a leader will have less influence than he might otherwise have.
Gainutdin bases his argument on what he says is the “democratic” nature of the faith. “Among Muslims, scholars and leaders are possible various opinions on one and the same question. The Prophet Mohammed (peace be upon him) said: ‘A different in opinions in my community is a gift.’ But this involves customs and daily affairs.”
In those cases “on which depends the fates of the entire umma and the entire people or state,” the SMR leader continued, “the scholars of Islam have tried to achieve a consolidated opinion, which in Arabic is called ‘ijma.’ And in the Islamic intellectual and legal heritage there are an enormous number of such decisions…”
But all of them point to the need for a united umma, especially in the situation the Russian Muslim community finds itself today, Gainutdin argues. “Unification would permit getting rid of odious and unpredictable figures in the MSDs, to increase the authority of the leaders of traditional Islam,” and thus allow Muslims to contribute more fully to Russian life.
Unity, of course, would allow Russia’s Muslims to “achieve a more adequate conception of Russia and an increase of its authority in the Muslim world” abroad, as Russia’s civic leaders have clearly understood. But Muslim unity, built on a democratic basis, would do even more for Russia at home.
It would make it possible for the Muslims of Russia to play “a more effective role in the resolution of the problems of the adaptation of the continually growing number of immigrants from the Trans-Caucasus and Central Asia.” And that is no small thing, Gainutdin argues, as the unfortunate experience of a number of European countries shows.
Moreover, unification would help in “the ideological struggle for the souls of our young people.” At present, and in part because of divisions within the bureaucratic MSDs, that struggle “unfortunately is not everywhere and always going well.” Instead, in all too many cases, “victory” is going to the radicals who are “supported from abroad.”
Unification from below would help “create all the conditions necessary for the inclusion of young people in the fight against extremist ideas.” At present, many extremist ideologues are young. They are “charismatic and convincing.” And if Russia and the Russian umma are to defend traditional Islam, Russia’s Muslims must train a new generation of leaders.
In recent years, he notes, Russia’s Muslim leaders have done a great deal to promote the unity of the six or seven million Muslims of the North Caucasus. Now, it is time to extend that idea to “the more than 20 million” Muslims of Russia as a whole, Gainutdin suggests, something that no bureaucracy can do but that the participation of the umma itself can make possible.
A new football club has earned a leading place in the UEFA Champions League groups and starred in the headlines of worldwide football news yesterday. The Football Club Sheriff Tiraspol claimed a win with the score 2-1 against Real Madrid on the Santiago Bernabeu Stadium in Madrid. That made Sheriff Tiraspol the leader in Group D of the Champions League, including the football club in the groups of the most important European interclub competition for the first time ever.
International media outlets called it a miracle, a shock and a historic event, while strongly emphasizing the origin of the team and the existing political conflict between the two banks of the Dniester. “Football club from a pro-Russian separatist enclave in Moldova pulls off one of the greatest upsets in Champions League history,” claimed the news portals. “Sheriff crushed Real!” they said.
Moldovans made a big fuss out of it on social media, splitting into two groups: those who praised the team and the Republic of Moldova for making history and those who declared that the football club and their merits belong to Transnistria – a problematic breakaway region that claims to be a separate country.
Both groups are right and not right at the same time, as there is a bunch of ethical, political, social and practical matters that need to be considered.
Is it Moldova?
First of all, every Moldovan either from the right or left bank of Dniester (Transnistria) is free to identify himself with this achievement or not to do so, said Vitalie Spranceana, a sociologist, blogger, journalist and urban activist. According to him, boycotting the football club for being a separatist team is wrong.
At the same time, “it’s an illusion to think that territory matters when it comes to football clubs,” Spranceana claimed. “Big teams, the ones included in the Champions League, have long lost their connection both with the countries in which they operate, and with the cities in which they appeared and to which they linked their history. […] In the age of globalized commercial football, teams, including the so-called local ones, are nothing more than global traveling commercial circuses, incidentally linked to cities, but more closely linked to all sorts of dirty, semi-dirty and cleaner cash flows.”
What is more important in this case is the consistency, not so much of citizens, as of politicians from the government who have “no right to celebrate the success of separatism,” as they represent “the national interests, not the personal or collective pleasures of certain segments of the population,” believes the political expert Dionis Cenusa. The victory of FC Sheriff encourages Transnistrian separatism, which receives validation now, he also stated.
“I don’t know how it happens that the “proud Moldovans who chose democracy”, in their enthusiasm for Sheriff Tiraspol’s victory over Real Madrid, forget the need for total and unconditional withdrawal of Russian troops from Transnistria!” declared the journalist Vitalie Ciobanu.
Nowadays, FC Sheriff Tiraspol has no other choice than to represent Moldova internationally. For many years, the team used the Moldovan Football Federation in order to be able to participate in championships, including international ones. That is because the region remains unrecognised by the international community. However, the club’s victory is presented as that of Transnistria within the region, without any reference to the Republic of Moldova, its separatist character being applied in this case especially.
Is it a victory?
In fact, FC Sheriff Tiraspol joining the Champions League is a huge image breakthrough for the Transnistrian region, as the journalist Madalin Necsutu claimed. It is the success of the Tiraspol Club oligarchic patrons. From the practical point of view, FC Sheriff Tiraspol is a sports entity that serves its own interests and the interests of its owners, being dependent on the money invested by Tiraspol (but not only) oligarchs.
Here comes the real dilemma: the Transnistrian team, which is generously funded by money received from corruption schemes and money laundering, is waging an unequal fight with the rest of the Moldovan football clubs, the journalist also declared. The Tiraspol team is about to raise 15.6 million euro for reaching the Champions League groups and the amounts increase depending on their future performance. According to Necsutu, these money will go directly on the account of the club, not to the Moldovan Football Federation, creating an even bigger gab between FC Sheriff and other football clubs from Moldova who have much more modest financial possibilities.
“I do not see anything useful for Moldovan football, not a single Moldovan player is part of FC Sheriff Tiraspol. I do not see anything beneficial for the Moldovan Football Federation or any national team.”
Is it only about football?
FC Sheriff Tiraspol, with a total estimated value of 12.8 million euros, is controlled by Victor Gusan and Ilya Kazmala, being part of Sheriff Holding – a company that controls the trade of wholesale, retail food, fuels and medicine by having monopolies on these markets in Transnistria. The holding carries out car trading activities, but also operates in the field of construction and real estate. Gusan’s people also hold all of the main leadership offices in the breakaway region, from Parliament to the Prime Minister’s seat or the Presidency.
The football club is supported by a holding alleged of smuggling, corruption, money laundering and organised crime. Moldovan media outlets published investigations about the signals regarding the Sheriff’s holding involvement in the vote mobilization and remuneration of citizens on the left bank of the Dniester who participated in the snap parliamentary elections this summer and who were eager to vote for the pro-Russian socialist-communist bloc.
Considering the above, there is a great probability that the Republic of Moldova will still be represented by a football club that is not identified as being Moldovan, being funded from obscure money, growing in power and promoting the Transnistrian conflict in the future as well.
Photo: unknown
Prime Minister of the Republic of Moldova, Natalia Gavrilita, together with Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs, Nicu Popescu, pay an official visit to Brussels, between September 27-28, being invited by High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, Josep Borrell Fontelles.
Today, Prime Minister had a meeting with Charles Michel, President of the European Council. The Moldovan PM thanked the senior European official for the support of the institution in strengthening democratic processes, reforming the judiciary and state institutions, economic recovery and job creation, as well as increasing citizens’ welfare. Natalia Gavrilita expressed her confidence that the current visit laid the foundations for boosting relations between the Republic of Moldova and the European Union, so that, in the next period, it would be possible to advance high-level dialogues on security, justice and energy. Officials also exchanged views on priorities for the Eastern Partnership Summit, to be held in December.
“The EU is open to continue to support the Republic of Moldova and the ambitious reform agenda it proposes. Moldova is an important and priority partner for us,” said Charles Michel.
Prime Minister Natalia Gavrilita also met with Paolo Gentiloni, European Commissioner for Economy, expressing her gratitude for the support received through the OMNIBUS macro-financial assistance program. The two officials discussed the need to advance the recovery of money from bank fraud, to strengthen sustainable mechanisms for supporting small and medium-sized enterprises in Moldova, and to standardize the customs and taxes as one of the main conditions for deepening cooperation with the EU in this field.
Additionally, Prime Minister spoke about the importance of the Eastern Partnership and the Deep Free Trade Agreement, noting that the Government’s policies are aimed at developing an economic model aligned with the European economic model, focused on digitalization, energy efficiency and the green economy.
A common press release of the Moldovan Prime Minister with High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy/Vice-President of the Commission, Josep Borrell Fontelles, took place today, where the agenda of Moldova’s reforms and the main priorities to focus on in the coming months were presented: judiciary reform; fighting COVID-19 pandemic; promoting economic recovery and conditions for growth and job creation; strengthening state institutions and resilience of the country.
“I am here to relaunch the dialogue between my country and the European Union. Our partnership is strong, but I believe there is room for even deeper cooperation and stronger political, economic and sectoral ties. I am convinced that this partnership is the key to the prosperity of our country and I hope that we will continue to strengthen cooperation.”
The Moldovan delegation met Didier Reynders, European Commissioner for Justice. Tomorrow, there are scheduled common meetings with Oliver Varhelyi, European Commissioner for Neighborhood and Enlargement, Adina Valean, European Commissioner for Transport and Kadri Simson, European Commissioner for Energy.
Prime Minister will also attend a public event, along with Katarina Mathernova, Deputy Director-General for Neighbourhood Policy and Enlargement Negotiations.
Photo: gov.md
Politics
Promo-LEX about Maia Sandu’s UN speech: The president must insist on appointing a rapporteur to monitor the situation of human rights in Transnistria
The President of the Republic of Moldova, Maia Sandu, pays an official visit to New York, USA, between September 21-22. There, she participates in the work of the United Nations General Assembly. According to a press release of the President’s Office, the official will deliver a speech at the tribune of the United Nations.
In this context, the Promo-LEX Association suggested the president to request the appointment of a special rapporteur in order to monitor the situation of human rights in the Transnistrian region. According to Promo-LEX, the responsibility for human rights violations in the Transnistrian region arises as a result of the Russian Federation’s military, economic and political control over the Tiraspol regime.
“We consider it imperative to insist on the observance of the international commitments assumed by the Russian Federation regarding the withdrawal of the armed forces and ammunition from the territory of the country,” the representatives of Promo-LEX stated. They consider the speech before the UN an opportunity “to demand the observance of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights by the Russian Federation with reference to this territory which is in its full control.”
“It is important to remember about the numerous cases of murder, torture, ill-treatment, forced enlistment in illegal military structures, the application of pseudo-justice in the Transnistrian region, all carried out under the tacit agreement of the Russian Federation. These findings stem from dozens of rulings and decisions issued by the European Court of Human Rights, which found that Russia is responsible for human rights violations in the region.”
The association representatives expressed their hope that the president of the country would give priority to issues related to the human rights situation in the Transnistrian region and would call on relevant international actors to contribute to guaranteeing fundamental human rights and freedoms throughout Moldova.
They asked Maia Sandu to insist on the observance of the obligation to evacuate the ammunition and the military units of the Russian Federation from the territory of the Republic of Moldova, to publicly support the need for the Russian Federation to implement the ECtHR rulings on human rights violations in the Transnistrian region, and to request the appointment of an UN Human Rights Council special rapporteur to monitor the human rights situation in the Transnistrian region of the Republic of Moldova.
**
The Promo-LEX Association concluded that 14 out of 25 actions planned within the National Action Plan for the years 2018–2022 concerning respecting human rights in Transnistria were not carried out by the responsible authorities.
The association expressed its concern and mentioned that there are a large number of delays in the planned results. “There is a lack of communication and coordination between the designated institutions, which do not yet have a common vision of interaction for the implementation of the plan.”
Promo-LEX requested the Government of the Republic of Moldova to re-assess the reported activities and to take urgent measures, “which would exclude superficial implementation of future activities and increase the level of accountability of the authorities.”
Photo: peacekeeping.un.org
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