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UNDP Moldova report: Impact of COVID-19 on economic sectors

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“Social and Economic Impact of COVID-19 in the Republic of Moldova” is a report that presents the findings of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Moldova study conducted during the period end-May – beginning of October 2020. The report aims at “shedding light on the consequences and impact of the crisis and proposing tactical and medium-term policy and programmatic options for recovery and resilience,” as it is mentioned on the official page of UNDP Moldova.

The assessment was conducted using data of the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), a survey of Magenta Consulting, as well as a part of the UNDP study conducted during August-September 2020 among 390 citizens and 450 companies. The report recommendations are used to develop post-COVID-19 recovery measures and programmes by UNDP Moldova and can serve as guidance for public authorities in the policy-making process, as Deputy Secretary-General of the Government of Moldova, Adrian Ermurachi, suggested.

See also: UNDP Moldova report: Impact of COVID-19 on the most vulnerable people

The second part of the current report includes an analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic influence on five economic sectors in Moldova – non-food wholesale and retail trade, transportation and storage, hospitality, manufacturing and agriculture, as well as healthcare services along with education system as core public services.

First of all, the non-food wholesale and retail trade sector encountered supply issues and a decrease in production and non-food goods consumption, due to demand decline. 88% of study respondents, who are working in this sector, declared that no government support was received during state of emergency and state of medical emergency generated by Covid-19. When asked about what would have helped, most of the respondents claimed that fiscal and financial incentives related to already existing loans and debts would have helped them overcome the crisis, as the UNDP infographic presented.

Moving part of the trade activity towards online channels was one of the main challenges in this sector, due to the reduced internet penetration at country level and reduced pre-COVID-19 digitization level of companies.

The transportation and storage sector had to undergo a massive dropdown both in transported passengers and goods, as well as a decrease of employees with 15.7% (in the second quarter of 2020 as compared to the similar period of 2019). As compared to July 2019, the passengers’ traffic was reduced by almost 49% in 2020.

Most of the study participants from this sector also believed that the Government should have been implemented measures related to fiscal
incentives, as well as commercial promotion on the domestic and foreign markets in terms of donors support.

The hardest hit though, was registered for accommodation and food services sector. Due to the lockdown measures, most hospitality venues were forced to close in spring.

In the second quarter of 2020, the number of Moldovan tourists travelling abroad decreased by almost 100%, whilst the internal tourism recorded a downturn of 66%. The number of overnights at accommodation units had a total decrease of 70% as compared to the similar period of 2019. Also, the average number of employees decreased with more than 60%, the report states. The most affected were hospitality employees working in urban areas. Some businesses adapted quickly, providing catering services to economic sectors with rising demand (healthcare system) and to vulnerable people (subsidized by local authorities). Some restaurants offered the alternative of online and phone orders, as well as pick-up or home delivery.

At the same time, more than 30 000 employees in the manufacturing sector were impacted by the COVID-19 restrictions. 53% of companies stopped their activity during the pandemic and 7% of companies have applied for insolvency protection. Sales in this sector were influenced by the dynamic of the external markets, recording a massive dropdown during the lockdown period (March-April), with a negative peak in April, with almost 50% decrease linked to quarantine period in the EU states, the UNDP report said.

Prolonged drought in combination with poor irrigation infrastructure system, lack of technical expertise and concentrated risks to one type of agricultural product represented the biggest issues faced by agriculture in Moldova. As a consequence, vegetal production decreased by 26.8% in the first semester of 2020. 8% of companies have applied for insolvency protection. Also, the exports for oil seeds and oleaginous fruits decreased by 30.1%, cereals and cereal based products by 16.4%, raw and processed tobacco by 67.3%, milk products and poultry eggs by 39.7%, meat and meat products by 40.6%.

Poor rural farmers and small-scale food producers from Moldova got even more restricted by the pandemic conditions, as they didn’t get the chance to access internal or external markets in order to sell their products.

The situation is deplorable in the healthcare system, where 53 medical units were involved in the anti-COVID-19 network all over the country. The medical personnel is overwhelmed and exposed to burnout in day-to-day activities and towards the infection,” the report stated. Out of the almost 5 000 healthcare workers who were diagnosed with COVID-19 until Sep 2020, 43.7% were registered nurses, 26.4% were physicians, 18% – licensed practical nurses and 11.9% – auxiliary personnel.

The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the education system for an entire generation. It negatively influenced the ability of many parents to go to work and emphasized the fact that digital abilities can’t be enriched overnight. Limited access to internet and devices of teachers and pupils placed a big obstacle in the learning process as well.

The policy recommendations, targeting economic sectors were as following:

  • Support for reintegrating and recruiting workforce;
  • Support for teleworking and working in shifts in factories;
  • Deferral of tax and social contributions payments for companies witnessing a drop in incomes;
  • Credit payment deferral for SMEs;
  • Providing preferential interest loans and governmental guarantees for SMEs;
  • Deferral of deadline for submitting financial statement and audit reports;
  • E-commerce and transportation & storage support measures.

The full report, along with the presented infographics, can be accessed here.

Photo: Jorge Fernández Salas| Unsplash

Jurnalistă that speaks English very well. De aia Maria are grijă că prietenii noștri străini să nu piardă nicio informație valoroasă despre actualitatea din Moldova.

Society

“They are not needy, but they need help”. How Moldovan volunteers try to create a safe environment for the Ukrainian refugees

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At the Government’s ground floor, the phones ring constantly, the laptop screens never reach standby. In one corner of the room there is a logistics planning meeting, someone has a call on Zoom with partners and donors, someone else finally managed to take a cookie and make some coffee. Everyone is exhausted and have sleepy red eyes, but the volunteers still have a lot of energy and dedication to help in creating a safe place for the Ukrainian refugees.

“It’s like a continuous bustle just so you won’t read the news. You get home sometimes and you don’t have time for news, and that somehow helps. It’s a kind of solidarity and mutual support,” says Vlada Ciobanu, volunteer responsible for communication and fundraising.

The volunteers group was formed from the very first day of war. A Facebook page was created, where all types of messages immediately started to flow: “I offer accommodation”, “I want to help”, “I want to get involved”, “Where can I bring the products?”, “I have a car and I can go to the customs”. Soon, the authorities also started asking for volunteers’ support. Now they all work together, coordinate activities and try to find solutions to the most difficult problems.

Is accommodation needed for 10, 200 or 800 people? Do you need transportation to the customs? Does anyone want to deliver 3 tons of apples and does not know where? Do you need medicine or mobile toilets? All these questions require prompt answers and actions. Blankets, sheets, diapers, hygiene products, food, clothes – people bring everything, and someone needs to quickly find ways of delivering them to those who need them.

Sometimes this collaboration is difficult, involves a lot of bureaucracy, and it can be difficult to get answers on time. “Republic of Moldova has never faced such a large influx of refugees and, probably because nobody thought this could happen, a mechanism of this kind of crisis has not been developed. Due to the absence of such a mechanism that the state should have created, we, the volunteers, intervened and tried to help in a practical way for the spontaneous and on the sport solutions of the problems,” mentions Ecaterina Luțișina, volunteer responsible for the refugees’ accommodation.

Ana Maria Popa, one of the founders of the group “Help Ukrainians in Moldova/SOS Українці Молдовa” says that the toughest thing is to find time and have a clear mind in managing different procedures, although things still happen somehow naturally. Everyone is ready to intervene and help, to take on more responsibilities and to act immediately when needed. The biggest challenges arise when it is necessary to accommodate large families, people with special needs, for which alternative solutions must be identified.

Goods and donations

The volunteers try to cope with the high flow of requests for both accommodation and products of all kinds. “It came to me as a shock and a panic when I found out that both mothers who are now in Ukraine, as well as those who found refuge in our country are losing their milk because of stress. We are trying to fill an enormous need for milk powder, for which the demand is high and the stocks are decreasing”, says Steliana, the volunteer responsible for the distribution of goods from the donation centers.

Several centers have been set up to collect donations in all regions of Chisinau, and volunteers are redirecting the goods to where the refugees are. A system for processing and monitoring donations has already been established, while the volunteer drivers take over the order only according to a unique code.

Volunteers from the collection centers also do the inventory – the donated goods and the distributed goods. The rest is transported to Vatra deposit, from where it is distributed to the placement centers where more than 50 refugees are housed.

When they want to donate goods, but they don’t know what would be needed, people are urged to put themselves in the position of refugees and ask themselves what would they need most if they wake up overnight and have to hurriedly pack their bags and run away. Steliana wants to emphasise that “these people are not needy, but these people need help. They did not choose to end up in this situation.”

Furthermore, the volunteer Cristina Sîrbu seeks to identify producers and negotiate prices for products needed by refugees, thus mediating the procurement process for NGOs with which she collaborates, such as Caritas, World Children’s Fund, Polish Solidarity Fund, Lifting hands, Peace Corps and others.

One of the challenges she is facing now is the identifying a mattress manufacturer in the West, because the Moldovan mattress manufacturer that has been helping so far no longer has polyurethane, a raw material usually imported from Russia and Ukraine.

Cristina also needs to find solutions for the needs of the volunteer groups – phones, laptops, gsm connection and internet for a good carrying out of activities.

Hate messages

The most difficult thing for the communication team is to manage the hate messages on the social networks, which started to appear more often. “Even if there is some sort of dissatisfaction from the Ukrainian refugees and those who offer help, we live now in a very diverse society, there are different kind of people, and we act very differently under stress,” said Vlada Ciobanu.

Translation by Cătălina Bîrsanu

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Important

#WorldForUkraine – a map that shows the magnitude of the world’s actions against Russian aggression

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The international community and volunteers from all over te world have launched #WorldForUkraine as a platform that shows the magnitude of the world’s actions against the Russian aggression. In a digital world – it is an interactive map of public support of Ukrainians under the hashtag #WorldForUkraine – rallies, flash mobs, protests around the world. In the physical dimension – it is your opportunity to take to the streets and declare: “No to Putin’s aggression, no to war.”

„Today, along with the political and military support, emotional connection with the civilized world and truthful information are extremely important for Ukraine. The power to do it is in your hands. Join the #WorldForUkraine project and contribute to the victorious battle against the bloodshed inflicted on Ukraine by the aggression of the Russian Federation”, says the „about the project” section of the platform.

Go to the streets — Tell people — Connect and Unite — Become POWERFUL

Volunteers have launched #WorldForUkraine as a platform that shows the magnitude of the world’s actions against Russian aggression. In digital world – it is an INTERACTIVE MAP of public support of Ukrainians worldforukraine.net under the hashtag #WorldForUkraine – rallies, flash mobs, protests around the world. In the physical dimension – it is your opportunity to take to the streets and declare: “No to Putin’s aggression, no to war.” There you may find information about past and future rallies in your city in support of Ukraine. This is a permanent platform for Ukrainian diaspora and people all over the world concerned about the situation in Ukraine.

So here’s a couple of things you could do yourself to help:

* if there is a political rally in your city, then participate in it and write about it on social media with geolocation and the hashtag #WorldForUkraine

* if there are no rallies nearby, organize one in support of Ukraine yourself, write about it on social media with geolocation adding the hashtag #WorldForUkraine

The map will add information about gathering by #WorldForUkraine AUTOMATICALLY

Your voice now stronger THAN ever

All rallies are already here: https://worldforukraine.net

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Important

How is Moldova managing the big influx of Ukrainian refugees? The authorities’ plan, explained 

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From 24th to 28th of February, 71 359 Ukrainian citizens entered the territory of Republic of Moldova. 33 173 of them left the country. As of this moment, there are 38 186 Ukrainian citizens in Moldova, who have arrived over the past 100 hours. 

The Moldovan people and authorities have organized themselves quickly from the first day of war between Russia and Ukraine. However, in the event of a prolonged armed conflict and a continuous influx of Ukrainian refugees, the efforts and donations need to be efficiently managed. Thus, we inquired about Moldova’s long-term plan and the state’s capacity to receive, host, and treat a bigger number of refugees. 

On February 26th, the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of Moldova approved the Regulation of organization and functioning of the temporary Placement Center for refugees and the staffing and expenditure rules. According to the Regulation, the Centers will have the capacity of temporary hosting and feeding at least 20 persons, for a maximum of 3 months, with the possibility of extending this period. The Centers will also offer legal, social, psychological, and primary medical consultations to the refugees. The Center’s activity will be financed from budget allocations, under Article 19 of Provision no. 1 of the Exceptional Situations Commission from February 24th, 2022, and from other sources of funding that do not contravene applicable law.

The Ministry of Inner Affairs and the Government of Moldova facilitated the organization of the volunteers’ group “Moldova for Peace”.  Its purpose is to receive, offer assistance and accommodation to the Ukrainian refugees. The group is still working on creating a structure, registering and contacting volunteers, etc. It does not activate under a legal umbrella. 

Lilia Nenescu, one of the “Moldova for Peace” volunteers, said that the group consists of over 20 people. Other 1700 registered to volunteer by filling in this form, which is still available. The group consists of several departments: 

The volunteers’ department. Its members act as fixers: they’re responsible for connecting the people in need of assistance with the appropriate department. Some of the volunteers are located in the customs points. “The Ministry of Inner Affairs sends us every day the list of the customs points where our assistance is needed, and we mobilize the volunteers”, says Lilia Nenescu. 

The Goods Department manages all the goods donated by the Moldavian citizens. The donations are separated into categories: non-perishable foods and non-food supplies. The volunteers of this department sort the goods into packages to be distributed. 

The Government intends to collect all the donations in four locations. The National Agency for Food Safety and the National Agency for Public Health will ensure mechanisms to confirm that all the deposited goods comply with safety and quality regulations. 

The Service Department operates in 4 directions and needs the volunteer involvement of specialists in psychology, legal assistance (the majority of the refugees only have Ukrainian ID and birth certificates of their children); medical assistance; translation (a part of the refugees are not Ukrainian citizens). 

According to Elena Mudrîi, the spokesperson of the Ministry of Health, so far there is no data about the number of  Covid-19 positive refugees. She only mentioned two cases that needed outpatient medical assistance: a pregnant woman and the mother of a 4-day-old child. 

The Accommodation Department. The volunteers are waiting for the centralized and updated information from the Ministry of Labor about the institutions offering accommodation, besides the houses offered by individuals. 

The Transport Department consists of drivers organized in groups. They receive notifications about the number of people who need transportation from the customs points to the asylum centers for refugees.

The municipal authorities of Chișinău announced that the Ukrainian children refugees from the capital city will be enrolled in educational institutions. The authorities also intend to create Day-Care Centers for children, where they will be engaged in educational activities and will receive psychological assistance. Besides, the refugees from the municipal temporary accommodation centers receive individual and group counseling. 

In addition to this effort, a group of volunteers consisting of Ana Gurău, Ana Popapa, and Andrei Lutenco developed, with the help of Cristian Coșneanu, the UArefugees platform, synchronized with the responses from this form. On the first day, 943 people offered their help using the form, and 110 people asked for help. According to Anna Gurău, the volunteers communicate with the Government in order to update the platform with the missing data. 

Translation from Romanian by Natalia Graur

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