Politics
Moldova still suffers from Nazi-Soviet Pact’s pernicious results
Reading Time: 3 minutesTomorrow, August 23rd, the world will give passing note and a brief mention to the fact that some seventy years ago one of the most cynical and unscrupulous treaties in all of history was signed. It is known as the Nazi-Soviet Pact or sometime after the names of the two signatories the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact. By rights it should be known as the Hitler-Stalin Pact for it was those two despots who really wrote the treaty, not their fearful, ambitious, immoral puppets who signed it. On its surface it was a relatively harmless, anodyne non-aggression treaty between the communist Soviet Union and National Socialist Germany. It pledged the two sides to peace between themselves and to neutrality in the event that one of them found itself at war with a third party.
By Prof. Ernest H. Latham, Jr. Ph.D., Washington, DC
Tomorrow, August 23rd, the world will give passing note and a brief mention to the fact that some seventy years ago one of the most cynical and unscrupulous treaties in all of history was signed. It is known as the Nazi-Soviet Pact or sometime after the names of the two signatories the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact. By rights it should be known as the Hitler-Stalin Pact for it was those two despots who really wrote the treaty, not their fearful, ambitious, immoral puppets who signed it. On its surface it was a relatively harmless, anodyne non-aggression treaty between the communist Soviet Union and National Socialist Germany. It pledged the two sides to peace between themselves and to neutrality in the event that one of them found itself at war with a third party.
In stunned silence and surprise the world watched this treaty being signed. The Soviet Union and Nazi Germany had been from their beginnings mortal enemies. In his book Mein Kampf, Adolph Hitler had written in the 1920s of his deep hatred for communism and his determination to expand Germany eastward into the Soviet Union. No less had the communist leadership condemned from its first appearance fascism in all its forms as a betrayal of the workers and peasants that communism allegedly championed. Indeed in the years 1936-39 through volunteers and surrogates the Soviet Union and Germany fought each on opposite sides in the in the Spanish Civil War. It was unthinkable that these two implacable enemies would come together with a treaty, but now the unthinkable had happened.
If the world struggled to understand this unexpected development, it did not have to struggle long. Hardly a week later Germany invaded Poland to begin the Second World War, and less than three weeks after that the Soviet Union invaded Poland from the east. No match for the two largest armies in Europe, Poland was quickly defeated and disappeared from the map of Europe for the next six years. What had appeared to be unthinkable was now transparently clear; beneath the treaty’s beneficent surface was a secret protocol breath-taking in its implications, a protocol effectively dividing Eastern Europe between the tyrannies of the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany. The Soviet invasion of Finland was shortly followed by the annexations of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Bessarabia (a territory of Romania) in the Soviet Union as Soviet Socialist Republics. Romania’s Northern Bucovina was added to Ukraine S.S.R.
In June of 1941 the German invasion of the Soviet Union forced the Soviets temporarily to disgorge these ill gotten gains, but throughout the war Stalin carefully maintained that the frontiers of the Soviet Union would be restored to those of June 1941. Thus it was in 1945 and for the more than four decades of the Cold War these annexed peoples remained under the thumb of Moscow. Only with the breakup of the Soviet Union and their declarations of independence in 1991 did these nations finally return to the freedom and independence that they had lost on the eve of World War II. Few in these new-old countries would agree with Vladimir Putin when he observed that the dissolution of the Soviet Union was the greatest geopolitical disaster of the 20th century.
Thus tomorrow the world may give only passing regard and a brief mention to the event of seventy years ago, because with time the wrongs of that era have been righted and the status quo ante bellum restored. If the world does so lightly dismiss this anniversary, the world will be wrong.
First, the world will be wrong because there is an important cautionary tale here. The Nazi-Soviet Pact would never have been signed with all the egregious events that followed if the democracies had been wiser, stronger and less selfish sooner. As the ever perspicacious Edmund Burke observed in the 18th century, for evil to triumph it is enough for good men to do nothing. His observation is quite as applicable in the 21st century.
Second, the world will be wrong because all of the wrongs resulting from the Nazi-Soviet Pact have not been righted. Beyond the wounds and humiliations that the people of Eastern Europe suffered which only more time and a less restless Russia can heal, there still remain the manifold problems of the Republic of Moldova. This is not the occasion to review the many problems that beset that state, but it is the occasion to note that many of these problems flow from the continuous interference of Russia in Moldovan affairs since 1940, most especially the continuing support and encouragement given to the breakaway eastern area that styles itself the Pridnestrovian Moldovan Republic, a region that lives in some sort of a Soviet time warp complete with red flags, statues of Lenin and an abundance of hammers and sickles. Were this only a misplaced nostalgia, it would be harmless enough. But it is not harmless because it is accompanied by the presence of Russian troops, who intervened in the quasi civil war in 1992 on the side of the breakaway area and could do the same again if Moscow so ordered.
Thus it is that tomorrow the world should give serious attention to the Nazi-Soviet Pact and its pernicious results from which the world in general and Moldova in particular still suffers.
A new football club has earned a leading place in the UEFA Champions League groups and starred in the headlines of worldwide football news yesterday. The Football Club Sheriff Tiraspol claimed a win with the score 2-1 against Real Madrid on the Santiago Bernabeu Stadium in Madrid. That made Sheriff Tiraspol the leader in Group D of the Champions League, including the football club in the groups of the most important European interclub competition for the first time ever.
International media outlets called it a miracle, a shock and a historic event, while strongly emphasizing the origin of the team and the existing political conflict between the two banks of the Dniester. “Football club from a pro-Russian separatist enclave in Moldova pulls off one of the greatest upsets in Champions League history,” claimed the news portals. “Sheriff crushed Real!” they said.
Moldovans made a big fuss out of it on social media, splitting into two groups: those who praised the team and the Republic of Moldova for making history and those who declared that the football club and their merits belong to Transnistria – a problematic breakaway region that claims to be a separate country.
Both groups are right and not right at the same time, as there is a bunch of ethical, political, social and practical matters that need to be considered.
Is it Moldova?
First of all, every Moldovan either from the right or left bank of Dniester (Transnistria) is free to identify himself with this achievement or not to do so, said Vitalie Spranceana, a sociologist, blogger, journalist and urban activist. According to him, boycotting the football club for being a separatist team is wrong.
At the same time, “it’s an illusion to think that territory matters when it comes to football clubs,” Spranceana claimed. “Big teams, the ones included in the Champions League, have long lost their connection both with the countries in which they operate, and with the cities in which they appeared and to which they linked their history. […] In the age of globalized commercial football, teams, including the so-called local ones, are nothing more than global traveling commercial circuses, incidentally linked to cities, but more closely linked to all sorts of dirty, semi-dirty and cleaner cash flows.”
What is more important in this case is the consistency, not so much of citizens, as of politicians from the government who have “no right to celebrate the success of separatism,” as they represent “the national interests, not the personal or collective pleasures of certain segments of the population,” believes the political expert Dionis Cenusa. The victory of FC Sheriff encourages Transnistrian separatism, which receives validation now, he also stated.
“I don’t know how it happens that the “proud Moldovans who chose democracy”, in their enthusiasm for Sheriff Tiraspol’s victory over Real Madrid, forget the need for total and unconditional withdrawal of Russian troops from Transnistria!” declared the journalist Vitalie Ciobanu.
Nowadays, FC Sheriff Tiraspol has no other choice than to represent Moldova internationally. For many years, the team used the Moldovan Football Federation in order to be able to participate in championships, including international ones. That is because the region remains unrecognised by the international community. However, the club’s victory is presented as that of Transnistria within the region, without any reference to the Republic of Moldova, its separatist character being applied in this case especially.
Is it a victory?
In fact, FC Sheriff Tiraspol joining the Champions League is a huge image breakthrough for the Transnistrian region, as the journalist Madalin Necsutu claimed. It is the success of the Tiraspol Club oligarchic patrons. From the practical point of view, FC Sheriff Tiraspol is a sports entity that serves its own interests and the interests of its owners, being dependent on the money invested by Tiraspol (but not only) oligarchs.
Here comes the real dilemma: the Transnistrian team, which is generously funded by money received from corruption schemes and money laundering, is waging an unequal fight with the rest of the Moldovan football clubs, the journalist also declared. The Tiraspol team is about to raise 15.6 million euro for reaching the Champions League groups and the amounts increase depending on their future performance. According to Necsutu, these money will go directly on the account of the club, not to the Moldovan Football Federation, creating an even bigger gab between FC Sheriff and other football clubs from Moldova who have much more modest financial possibilities.
“I do not see anything useful for Moldovan football, not a single Moldovan player is part of FC Sheriff Tiraspol. I do not see anything beneficial for the Moldovan Football Federation or any national team.”
Is it only about football?
FC Sheriff Tiraspol, with a total estimated value of 12.8 million euros, is controlled by Victor Gusan and Ilya Kazmala, being part of Sheriff Holding – a company that controls the trade of wholesale, retail food, fuels and medicine by having monopolies on these markets in Transnistria. The holding carries out car trading activities, but also operates in the field of construction and real estate. Gusan’s people also hold all of the main leadership offices in the breakaway region, from Parliament to the Prime Minister’s seat or the Presidency.
The football club is supported by a holding alleged of smuggling, corruption, money laundering and organised crime. Moldovan media outlets published investigations about the signals regarding the Sheriff’s holding involvement in the vote mobilization and remuneration of citizens on the left bank of the Dniester who participated in the snap parliamentary elections this summer and who were eager to vote for the pro-Russian socialist-communist bloc.
Considering the above, there is a great probability that the Republic of Moldova will still be represented by a football club that is not identified as being Moldovan, being funded from obscure money, growing in power and promoting the Transnistrian conflict in the future as well.
Photo: unknown
Prime Minister of the Republic of Moldova, Natalia Gavrilita, together with Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs, Nicu Popescu, pay an official visit to Brussels, between September 27-28, being invited by High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, Josep Borrell Fontelles.
Today, Prime Minister had a meeting with Charles Michel, President of the European Council. The Moldovan PM thanked the senior European official for the support of the institution in strengthening democratic processes, reforming the judiciary and state institutions, economic recovery and job creation, as well as increasing citizens’ welfare. Natalia Gavrilita expressed her confidence that the current visit laid the foundations for boosting relations between the Republic of Moldova and the European Union, so that, in the next period, it would be possible to advance high-level dialogues on security, justice and energy. Officials also exchanged views on priorities for the Eastern Partnership Summit, to be held in December.
“The EU is open to continue to support the Republic of Moldova and the ambitious reform agenda it proposes. Moldova is an important and priority partner for us,” said Charles Michel.
Prime Minister Natalia Gavrilita also met with Paolo Gentiloni, European Commissioner for Economy, expressing her gratitude for the support received through the OMNIBUS macro-financial assistance program. The two officials discussed the need to advance the recovery of money from bank fraud, to strengthen sustainable mechanisms for supporting small and medium-sized enterprises in Moldova, and to standardize the customs and taxes as one of the main conditions for deepening cooperation with the EU in this field.
Additionally, Prime Minister spoke about the importance of the Eastern Partnership and the Deep Free Trade Agreement, noting that the Government’s policies are aimed at developing an economic model aligned with the European economic model, focused on digitalization, energy efficiency and the green economy.
A common press release of the Moldovan Prime Minister with High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy/Vice-President of the Commission, Josep Borrell Fontelles, took place today, where the agenda of Moldova’s reforms and the main priorities to focus on in the coming months were presented: judiciary reform; fighting COVID-19 pandemic; promoting economic recovery and conditions for growth and job creation; strengthening state institutions and resilience of the country.
“I am here to relaunch the dialogue between my country and the European Union. Our partnership is strong, but I believe there is room for even deeper cooperation and stronger political, economic and sectoral ties. I am convinced that this partnership is the key to the prosperity of our country and I hope that we will continue to strengthen cooperation.”
The Moldovan delegation met Didier Reynders, European Commissioner for Justice. Tomorrow, there are scheduled common meetings with Oliver Varhelyi, European Commissioner for Neighborhood and Enlargement, Adina Valean, European Commissioner for Transport and Kadri Simson, European Commissioner for Energy.
Prime Minister will also attend a public event, along with Katarina Mathernova, Deputy Director-General for Neighbourhood Policy and Enlargement Negotiations.
Photo: gov.md
Politics
Promo-LEX about Maia Sandu’s UN speech: The president must insist on appointing a rapporteur to monitor the situation of human rights in Transnistria
The President of the Republic of Moldova, Maia Sandu, pays an official visit to New York, USA, between September 21-22. There, she participates in the work of the United Nations General Assembly. According to a press release of the President’s Office, the official will deliver a speech at the tribune of the United Nations.
In this context, the Promo-LEX Association suggested the president to request the appointment of a special rapporteur in order to monitor the situation of human rights in the Transnistrian region. According to Promo-LEX, the responsibility for human rights violations in the Transnistrian region arises as a result of the Russian Federation’s military, economic and political control over the Tiraspol regime.
“We consider it imperative to insist on the observance of the international commitments assumed by the Russian Federation regarding the withdrawal of the armed forces and ammunition from the territory of the country,” the representatives of Promo-LEX stated. They consider the speech before the UN an opportunity “to demand the observance of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights by the Russian Federation with reference to this territory which is in its full control.”
“It is important to remember about the numerous cases of murder, torture, ill-treatment, forced enlistment in illegal military structures, the application of pseudo-justice in the Transnistrian region, all carried out under the tacit agreement of the Russian Federation. These findings stem from dozens of rulings and decisions issued by the European Court of Human Rights, which found that Russia is responsible for human rights violations in the region.”
The association representatives expressed their hope that the president of the country would give priority to issues related to the human rights situation in the Transnistrian region and would call on relevant international actors to contribute to guaranteeing fundamental human rights and freedoms throughout Moldova.
They asked Maia Sandu to insist on the observance of the obligation to evacuate the ammunition and the military units of the Russian Federation from the territory of the Republic of Moldova, to publicly support the need for the Russian Federation to implement the ECtHR rulings on human rights violations in the Transnistrian region, and to request the appointment of an UN Human Rights Council special rapporteur to monitor the human rights situation in the Transnistrian region of the Republic of Moldova.
**
The Promo-LEX Association concluded that 14 out of 25 actions planned within the National Action Plan for the years 2018–2022 concerning respecting human rights in Transnistria were not carried out by the responsible authorities.
The association expressed its concern and mentioned that there are a large number of delays in the planned results. “There is a lack of communication and coordination between the designated institutions, which do not yet have a common vision of interaction for the implementation of the plan.”
Promo-LEX requested the Government of the Republic of Moldova to re-assess the reported activities and to take urgent measures, “which would exclude superficial implementation of future activities and increase the level of accountability of the authorities.”
Photo: peacekeeping.un.org
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