Economy
IMF, WB revise loan conditions to support E.Europe through crisis
Reading Time: 3 minutesRussia said this week that it will not disburse the last $500 million tranche of a stabilization loan to Belarus and that it will not grant a $5 billion loan to Ukraine.
By Ron Synovitz
Russia said this week that it will not disburse the last $500 million tranche of a stabilization loan to Belarus and that it will not grant a $5 billion loan to Ukraine.
Speaking in Istanbul at the start of the annual International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank meetings, Russian Finance Minister Aleksei Kudrin said the Kremlin needs to carefully assess whether loans to Belarus and Ukraine would ever be paid back.
The announcement has focused renewed attention on the loan conditions of international financial institutions that are sending billions of dollars to Belarus, Ukraine, and other troubled Eastern European economies.
Over the past several years — spurred in particular by the global economic crisis — those conditions have been revised. There are now fewer, but more focused conditions that recipient countries must meet to receive the financing.
Critics are asking why the IMF, the World Bank, and other institutions continue to make loans to countries that are seen by Moscow as too risky.
But senior officials at the IMF and the World Bank say there is nothing wrong with their loan criteria.
They point to an internal IMF study that concludes that the easing of loan conditions since last year has helped Eastern and Central European governments to weather the global financial downturn — and to even stave off systemic crisis across the region.
Some countries have gotten billions of dollars in IMF loans, while others have received hundreds of millions of dollars in credits during the past year. Recipients include Ukraine, Belarus, Georgia, Romania, Armenia, Hungary, Serbia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Latvia.
No Longer Dictating Terms
"Conditionality is different now than in the past, in that it is more focused," says Lorenzo Giorgianni, a division chief in the IMF’s department of strategy, policy and review.
Giorgianni says that while there are fewer conditions, those conditions are "attached to areas that are important to ensure the success of the program — typically, the financial sector and the fiscal framework."
He adds that the "reform consists effectively in the elimination of what were called ‘structural performance criteria’ before. And now, structural reforms are judged in the broader context of the performance of the programs. And they are not used to block any particular tranche of the loans."
Indermit Gill, the World Bank’s chief economist on Europe and Central Asia, says that the bank is also no longer dictating the kind of reforms that governments in the region must undertake in order to receive emergency loans.
"We used to have something called ‘structural adjustment loans,’" Gill explains. "We would sit down with a government and we would work out a program with them about what kind of structural reforms they needed to make. It was something that we agreed on with the government. And then, we would essentially provide support for those reforms."
"What we’ve done now," Gill continues, "is not the same kind of conditionality in the sense that we say, ‘You’d better do this or else.’ We actually disburse the money once the government has completed actions that are in their own development programs."
Not Repeating Asian Crisis
In the past, the IMF and the World Bank faced criticism for demanding too many reforms as a condition for emergency loans — often requiring countries to reduce their budget deficits and make structural adjustments, like privatizing major industries and liberalizing their markets.
In the Asian crisis a decade ago, some blamed the reform demands from institutions like the IMF and the World Bank for making economic conditions worse.
Reza Moghadam, director of the IMF’s department of strategy, policy, and review, says those kinds of criticisms were considered when the IMF revised its loan conditions. He says he hopes the new conditions give governments more "ownership" of their reform programs.
Moghadam says that IMF wanted to "make sure that we could hear not only words, but something that in a very, very severe economic crisis worldwide would be able to gain traction with the authorities of the countries — and that would also be effective.
"Ultimately, it is a balance between focus and getting reforms done that will help the countries come back through the crisis."
Staying On Track
The IMF says all Central and Eastern European countries are on track so far — having passed their last review and received their latest loan tranches.
IMF support loans to Eastern and Central Europe are complemented by financing from the World Bank, the European Investment Bank (EIB), the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), the European Commission, and other key European institutions.
The World Bank, EBRD, and EIB have committed more than $20 billion in support aimed at supporting the banking and financial sectors of the region. More than $15 billion has already been disbursed.
Those institutions also are taking credit for helping to stave off a systemic crisis in the region. But they also are warning against complacency in the face of economic challenges that lie ahead.
Economy
Moldova will receive a disbursement of 36 million euros as part of the the Economic Recovery Plan
This week, the European Commission approved the disbursement of 36 million euros in grant money for the Republic of Moldova. The announcement was made by Deputy Director-General for Neighbourhood Policy and Enlargement Negotiations at the European Commission, Katarina Mathernova, who paid an official visit to the Republic of Moldova between September 13-15, together with Managing Director for Russia, Eastern Partnership, Central Asia, Regional cooperation and OSCE, at the European External Action Service, Michael Siebert.
The EU officials had meetings with President Maia Sandu, Minister of Foreign Affairs and European Integration, Nicu Popescu, Speaker of Parliament, Igor Grosu, Prime Minister of the country, Natalia Gavrilita, as well as key representatives of Government, international financial institutions and the civil society, according to a press release issued by the Delegation of the European Union to the Republic of Moldova.
Beside such topics as the EU-Moldova relations and prospects, the priorities of the reform agenda of the new Moldovan Government, preparations for the Eastern Partnership Summit at the end of the year and the Transnistrian conflict settlement, the officials also discussed the EU assistance in support of reforms and the Economic Recovery Plan for Moldova, which was announced in June with a total EU support of 600 million euros over the next 3 years.
“The first measures under the Economic Recovery Plan will shortly materialize, with the expected disbursement of 36 million euros in grant money under budget support programmes to support the authorities’ efforts to fight against the consequences of the pandemic. Moldova can count on EU’s assistance on its path to reforms and to recovery, bringing tangible results to citizens,” Katarina Mathernova stated.
The plan is based on assistance provided by the European Union through various bilateral and regional instruments, aiming to mobilize the funds in the form of grants, loans, guarantees and macro-financial assistance.
“The Economic Recovery Plan for the Republic of Moldova involves much more, not just this financial support provided immediately. It must help digital transformation, strengthen infrastructure, energy efficiency, education and support small and medium-sized enterprises,” the EU official also said.
As Prime Minister Natalia Gavrilita informed, “The Economic Recovery Plan and the 5 flagship initiatives for Moldova in the Eastern Partnership will directly contribute to the reform and consolidation of institutions, stimulate long-term socio-economic development, bring direct benefits to citizens, and unleash new economic opportunities through promoting the green agenda and digitization. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have been hit hard by the crisis. Promoting and diversifying access to finance and reducing collateral requirements will be essential in supporting economic operators. We are grateful to the EU partners who will launch two programs to support 50 000 independent Moldovan SMEs to adapt to the new conditions.”
President of the Republic of Moldova, Maia Sandu, welcomed the decision of the European Union to disburse about 745 million lei in grant money, as the official page of the President’s Office announced. “EU support comes after a long period of freezing of European assistance, caused by former governments. We managed to relaunch the political dialogue with the European Union and resume financial assistance. The Republic of Moldova is gradually regaining the trust of its strategic partners. This European support is also a signal of encouragement for the new Government team in its commitment to clean up the institutions, fight corruption and launch development programs in the country,” said Maia Sandu.
Photo: unknown
Economy
Romania and Moldova signed a partnership memorandum pledging to cooperate in promoting their wines
The Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Romania (CCIR) and the National Office for Vine and Wine (NOVW) of the Republic of Moldova signed, last week, a memorandum of cooperation on organizing joint promotional activities in the markets of common interest, as the CCIR announced.
China, Japan or the USA are just some of the markets targeted by the Romanian and Moldovan institutions. The memorandum also involves advertising activities for wines from common indigenous varieties, promoting the oeno-tourist region, developing a tourist route in the two states, exchange of experience, study visits, and mutual support in identifying new export opportunities. “We are very confident that this collaboration between our organizations will lead to sustainable economic growth and a higher degree of well-being among Moldovans and Romanians,” claimed Deputy Secretary-General of CCIR, Bogdan Visan.
On the other hand, Director of the NOVW, Cristina Frolov, declared that no open competition with Romania is aimed at the governmental level of the Republic of Moldova. “This request for collaboration is a consequence of the partnership principle. Romania imports 10-12% of the wine it consumes, and we want to take more from this import quota. Every year, the Romanian market grows by approximately 2.8%, as it happened in 2020, and we are interested in taking a maximum share of this percentage of imported wines without entering into direct competition with the Romanian producer,” the Moldovan official said. She also mentioned that Moldova aims at increasing the market share of wine production by at least 50% compared to 2020, and the number of producers present on the Romanian market – by at least 40%.
Source: ccir.ro
**
According to the data of the Romanian National Trade Register Office, the total value of Romania-Moldova trade was 1.7 billion euros at the end of last year and over 805 million euros at the end of May 2021. In July 2021, there were 6 522 companies from the Republic of Moldova in Romania, with a total capital value of 45.9 million euros.
The data of Moldova’s National Office of Vine and Wine showed that, in the first 7 months of 2021, the total quantity of bottled wine was about 27 million litres (registering an increase of 10% as compared to the same period last year), with a value of more than one billion lei, which is 32% more than the same period last year. Moldovan wines were awarded 956 medals at 32 international competitions in 2020.
Photo: ccir.ro
The Republic of Moldova has perfect weather conditions for growing walnut trees, that creating a great potential of walnut production and trade, especially on international markets, where the demand is way higher than the product’s supply. National and international experts believe that the country’s walnut production industry is on the verge of important transformations, which could lead to increased yields, quality and competitiveness worldwide.
According to authorities, Moldova exports 34-35 thousand tons of walnuts in shell, which is about 7% of the total export of fruit and 5% of the total export of horticultural products. The export value is assessed as being $120 million, that being 57-60% of the total fruit export value and about 50% of horticultural export value. Most of walnut crops are exported to the EU countries, such as France, Germany, the Netherlands, Romania and Austria. The country’s exports were among the world’s top 10 when it comes to the highest dollar value of the product during 2020.
Viorel Gherciu, Minister of Agriculture and Food Industry, pointed out that the production in the domestic walnut industry has increased by 55% in the last five years, which ranks Moldova among the main producers in the world.
“The biggest opportunity for this industry is that we are in the geographical proximity of the largest walnut import area in the world, which is the European Union, with almost 40% of total imports in the world. We are on the EU border, with privileged relations, with an Association Agreement. We already enjoy a good relationship in working with European importers, they trust our processors. A very close collaboration has been created and this is, in fact, the guarantee for those who invest in the area,” claimed the president of the Walnut Producers Association, Oleg Tirsina.
The data provided by the National Bureau of Statistics show that there are 34.7 thousand hectares of walnut plantations in the country. 20.90 hectares are represented by orchards. 75% of planted orchards are formed of old varieties trees. 30-35% of the exported production comes from orchards, the rest comes from individual farmers and plantations along the roads. This means that the quality of walnut production is not at its maximum potential. Developing commercial plantations through orchards modernization and extension of walnut varieties would provide double yield and better quality, experts say.
Governmental support in the form of subsidizing solutions, foreign investments and credit options are indispensable for the industry development. One of the financing options is the credit line of the European Investment Bank Project. Since 2016, 15 producers and processors of nuts, almonds and hazelnuts have benefited from these loans with the total amount of investments worth 8.7 million euros. A further extension of the project would provide another 60 million euros for the modernization of the horticultural sector in general and for harvesting organic walnuts in particular.
Photo: heymoldova.com
“They are not needy, but they need help”. How Moldovan volunteers try to create a safe environment for the Ukrainian refugees
Reading Time: 3 minutesAt the Government’s ground floor, the phones ring constantly, the laptop screens never reach standby. In one...
#WorldForUkraine – a map that shows the magnitude of the world’s actions against Russian aggression
Reading Time: 2 minutesThe international community and volunteers from all over te world have launched #WorldForUkraine as a platform that...
How is Moldova managing the big influx of Ukrainian refugees? The authorities’ plan, explained
Reading Time: 3 minutesFrom 24th to 28th of February, 71 359 Ukrainian citizens entered the territory of Republic of Moldova....
Russia And Ukraine At The Beginning of 2022
Reading Time: 4 minutesThis opinion piece was written by Dr. Nicholas Dima. Dr. Dima was formerly a Professor of Geography and...
The man raising children on Nistru river
Reading Time: 7 minutesOn the Nistru, near the village of Varnița, a few colored pens with blue dots in the...
The village of the first astronomer in the Republic of Moldova
Reading Time: 5 minutesFrom eight in the morning till noon, every Thursday and Sunday, people lay their merchandise on the...
The prodigal son returns and turns his grandparents’ home in a tourist attraction on Nistru river
Reading Time: 7 minutesOn the road towards the school, a well-maintained rural house catches your eye, yellow stags painted on...
FC Sheriff Tiraspol victory: can national pride go hand in hand with political separatism?
Reading Time: 4 minutesA new football club has earned a leading place in the UEFA Champions League groups and starred...
Study// What is the reaction of authorities to journalistic investigations?
Reading Time: 3 minutes“People expect logical consequences when they see cases of undeclared assets, conflicts of interest, protectionism or proof...
Secretary General of CoE called on Moldova’s state institutions to avoid constitutional crisis. Politicians took it the way they wanted.
Reading Time: 3 minutesAt the beginning of this month, Speaker of Parliament, Zinaida Greceanii, sent a letter to Secretary General...