Politics
The sword of history and the power of truth: The case of Moldova’s and Russia’s V-day
Reading Time: 4 minutesAnalogies are a notorious trap. Forgive me for trying this one. Soon after the fall of Baghdad, in a U.S. plane carrying a team of experts trained for post-victory action in Iraq, most of them were thumbing through books dealing with the fall of the Third Reich. To a reporter on board that looked like shallow preparation. At the end of a totally asymetric military engagement –the case of Iraq– there had been no surrender, no armistice, no classic capitulation, and of course, no V-Day proper, as in the case of the World War Two V-day in Europe.
By Andrei Brezianu
Analogies are a notorious trap. Forgive me for trying this one. Soon after the fall of Baghdad, in a U.S. plane carrying a team of experts trained for post-victory action in Iraq, most of them were thumbing through books dealing with the fall of the Third Reich. To a reporter on board that looked like shallow preparation. At the end of a totally asymetric military engagement –the case of Iraq– there had been no surrender, no armistice, no classic capitulation, and of course, no V-Day proper, as in the case of the World War Two V-day in Europe.
The 1945 Victory Day, currently celebrated in Moscow –less so in the West– was an entirely different kind of event: a true end of a war in surrender, a glaring finale, albeit not devoid of its own ambiguities and contradictions, mostly in the matter of subsequent angles of interpretation and ways of assessing its aftermath, both for the defeated and for the victors.
Regardless of the common tenet that historians are called to assess the facts rather than sit in judgment, their views cannot help being tinted by some amount of partisanship. Facts presuppose indeed a measure of interpretation, but the more ideology and political partisanhip in the process, the more subjective the conclusions. Among such facts, there lingers, of course, among other things, a question of date: is V-Day May 9th, as Stalin and the Kremlin put it ?… Or is it May 8th as the West has it?…
Leaving such calendar details aside, more interesting in historical perspective is perhaps the question of the victor’s merits, track records and ripple effects on vast or small stretches of humanity, an issue which, sixty five years after, the cases of Poland, the Baltic states and, last but not least, historic Bessarabia, currently the Republic of Moldova, seem to illustrate as debatable variants on the theme of historical morality and historical truth.
Apparently prompted by such troubling issues as morality and truth, Moldovan interim president, Mihai Ghimpu has declined to attend the solemn May 9th parade organized in Moscow. This information was confirmed by the president for Jurnal TV. “I am not bonded anyhow to Moscow. Only the winners go there, what will the defeated ones do there“ –the president said. “I agree that we are celebrating 65 years since the end of the Second World War”,– he went on to say, adding that he finds it impossible to forget the deportations and hunger which took place in Moldova under Soviet dictatorship during its post-World War II inclusion in the USSR.
As a backdrop to all this, Moldova’s paradoxical position in the context of World War II is in itself illustrative of a situation with several dramatis personae. Two such personages –Molotov and Ribbentrop– included it in the secret protocol of the Stalin-Hitler pact of August 1939, so that that sliver of land was detached from Romania in 1940, then retaken by Romania in 1941. In the process, as the war broke out, native Moldovans happened to fight both the Red Army while enlisted in the Romanian Army and Romania while enlisted in Stalin’s divisions. To compound the paradox, unlike Romania, which ended the war in the camp of the defeated, regardless of the contribution of its divisions to Hitler’s defeat, Moldova (as a Soviet entity) ended the war in the camp of the victors, alongside America and Great Britain. So how should Moldova’s survivor veterans –some citizens of the USSR, some citizens of Romania, some succesive citizens of both– be viewed today, now that their ranks grow thinner and thinner by the day? Ambiguities apart, this year, a small contingent of Moldova’s military, standing for the reality that some native Moldovans happened to fight under the Soviet flag will take part in the Moscow Victory Day parade. But how about Victory Day for those Moldovan veterans who happened to fight against Stalin’s divisions? Should they to be treated the same as those who fought under the Hammer and Sickle standard?. “The facts of history never come to us pure, since they do not and cannot exist in pure form: they are always mirrored through the mind habits of the one who takes the trouble or assumes the mission to record them”, as the British historian Edward H. Carr aptly put it.
One such fact recently recorded is that both Moldovan veterans of the Romanian army and Moldovan veterans of the Soviet army will share this year a symbolic recognition of merit by virtue of a single distinction: Moldova’s World War Two Commemorative Cross, "Crucea comemorativă a războiului al doilea mondial".
Moldova’s communists strongly objected, crying foul. Such a sharply partisan attitude brings into focus the depth of the divide between the two sides of the issue of historical truth in the case of the Second World War’s shifting alliances between 1939 and 1941 on the one hand, and of the conflict’s finale, in the wake of Yalta and Potsdam. In the symbolic case of Moldova’s Commemorative Cross sixty five years after, Moldova’s current President’s response was clear: “They are all citizens of the Republic of Moldova. The second World War is a fact. We have to treat them equally. According to the law in this country they are equal in rights. They did take part in the Second World War. Period. We were neither Communists nor Nazis. We were simple citizens who happened to fall under that sword”.
The legacy of that sword the same as the power of truth, continues to loom large over maverick Moldova, the only concrete residue of a 1939 secret Pact between two long-dead dictators, now present in the form of a full-fledged state in its own right on the map of post-totalitarian Europe, a country still yearning for a full return to Europe’s enduring traditions and for full reconciliation with Europe’s genuine values.
A new football club has earned a leading place in the UEFA Champions League groups and starred in the headlines of worldwide football news yesterday. The Football Club Sheriff Tiraspol claimed a win with the score 2-1 against Real Madrid on the Santiago Bernabeu Stadium in Madrid. That made Sheriff Tiraspol the leader in Group D of the Champions League, including the football club in the groups of the most important European interclub competition for the first time ever.
International media outlets called it a miracle, a shock and a historic event, while strongly emphasizing the origin of the team and the existing political conflict between the two banks of the Dniester. “Football club from a pro-Russian separatist enclave in Moldova pulls off one of the greatest upsets in Champions League history,” claimed the news portals. “Sheriff crushed Real!” they said.
Moldovans made a big fuss out of it on social media, splitting into two groups: those who praised the team and the Republic of Moldova for making history and those who declared that the football club and their merits belong to Transnistria – a problematic breakaway region that claims to be a separate country.
Both groups are right and not right at the same time, as there is a bunch of ethical, political, social and practical matters that need to be considered.
Is it Moldova?
First of all, every Moldovan either from the right or left bank of Dniester (Transnistria) is free to identify himself with this achievement or not to do so, said Vitalie Spranceana, a sociologist, blogger, journalist and urban activist. According to him, boycotting the football club for being a separatist team is wrong.
At the same time, “it’s an illusion to think that territory matters when it comes to football clubs,” Spranceana claimed. “Big teams, the ones included in the Champions League, have long lost their connection both with the countries in which they operate, and with the cities in which they appeared and to which they linked their history. […] In the age of globalized commercial football, teams, including the so-called local ones, are nothing more than global traveling commercial circuses, incidentally linked to cities, but more closely linked to all sorts of dirty, semi-dirty and cleaner cash flows.”
What is more important in this case is the consistency, not so much of citizens, as of politicians from the government who have “no right to celebrate the success of separatism,” as they represent “the national interests, not the personal or collective pleasures of certain segments of the population,” believes the political expert Dionis Cenusa. The victory of FC Sheriff encourages Transnistrian separatism, which receives validation now, he also stated.
“I don’t know how it happens that the “proud Moldovans who chose democracy”, in their enthusiasm for Sheriff Tiraspol’s victory over Real Madrid, forget the need for total and unconditional withdrawal of Russian troops from Transnistria!” declared the journalist Vitalie Ciobanu.
Nowadays, FC Sheriff Tiraspol has no other choice than to represent Moldova internationally. For many years, the team used the Moldovan Football Federation in order to be able to participate in championships, including international ones. That is because the region remains unrecognised by the international community. However, the club’s victory is presented as that of Transnistria within the region, without any reference to the Republic of Moldova, its separatist character being applied in this case especially.
Is it a victory?
In fact, FC Sheriff Tiraspol joining the Champions League is a huge image breakthrough for the Transnistrian region, as the journalist Madalin Necsutu claimed. It is the success of the Tiraspol Club oligarchic patrons. From the practical point of view, FC Sheriff Tiraspol is a sports entity that serves its own interests and the interests of its owners, being dependent on the money invested by Tiraspol (but not only) oligarchs.
Here comes the real dilemma: the Transnistrian team, which is generously funded by money received from corruption schemes and money laundering, is waging an unequal fight with the rest of the Moldovan football clubs, the journalist also declared. The Tiraspol team is about to raise 15.6 million euro for reaching the Champions League groups and the amounts increase depending on their future performance. According to Necsutu, these money will go directly on the account of the club, not to the Moldovan Football Federation, creating an even bigger gab between FC Sheriff and other football clubs from Moldova who have much more modest financial possibilities.
“I do not see anything useful for Moldovan football, not a single Moldovan player is part of FC Sheriff Tiraspol. I do not see anything beneficial for the Moldovan Football Federation or any national team.”
Is it only about football?
FC Sheriff Tiraspol, with a total estimated value of 12.8 million euros, is controlled by Victor Gusan and Ilya Kazmala, being part of Sheriff Holding – a company that controls the trade of wholesale, retail food, fuels and medicine by having monopolies on these markets in Transnistria. The holding carries out car trading activities, but also operates in the field of construction and real estate. Gusan’s people also hold all of the main leadership offices in the breakaway region, from Parliament to the Prime Minister’s seat or the Presidency.
The football club is supported by a holding alleged of smuggling, corruption, money laundering and organised crime. Moldovan media outlets published investigations about the signals regarding the Sheriff’s holding involvement in the vote mobilization and remuneration of citizens on the left bank of the Dniester who participated in the snap parliamentary elections this summer and who were eager to vote for the pro-Russian socialist-communist bloc.
Considering the above, there is a great probability that the Republic of Moldova will still be represented by a football club that is not identified as being Moldovan, being funded from obscure money, growing in power and promoting the Transnistrian conflict in the future as well.
Photo: unknown
Prime Minister of the Republic of Moldova, Natalia Gavrilita, together with Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs, Nicu Popescu, pay an official visit to Brussels, between September 27-28, being invited by High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, Josep Borrell Fontelles.
Today, Prime Minister had a meeting with Charles Michel, President of the European Council. The Moldovan PM thanked the senior European official for the support of the institution in strengthening democratic processes, reforming the judiciary and state institutions, economic recovery and job creation, as well as increasing citizens’ welfare. Natalia Gavrilita expressed her confidence that the current visit laid the foundations for boosting relations between the Republic of Moldova and the European Union, so that, in the next period, it would be possible to advance high-level dialogues on security, justice and energy. Officials also exchanged views on priorities for the Eastern Partnership Summit, to be held in December.
“The EU is open to continue to support the Republic of Moldova and the ambitious reform agenda it proposes. Moldova is an important and priority partner for us,” said Charles Michel.
Prime Minister Natalia Gavrilita also met with Paolo Gentiloni, European Commissioner for Economy, expressing her gratitude for the support received through the OMNIBUS macro-financial assistance program. The two officials discussed the need to advance the recovery of money from bank fraud, to strengthen sustainable mechanisms for supporting small and medium-sized enterprises in Moldova, and to standardize the customs and taxes as one of the main conditions for deepening cooperation with the EU in this field.
Additionally, Prime Minister spoke about the importance of the Eastern Partnership and the Deep Free Trade Agreement, noting that the Government’s policies are aimed at developing an economic model aligned with the European economic model, focused on digitalization, energy efficiency and the green economy.
A common press release of the Moldovan Prime Minister with High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy/Vice-President of the Commission, Josep Borrell Fontelles, took place today, where the agenda of Moldova’s reforms and the main priorities to focus on in the coming months were presented: judiciary reform; fighting COVID-19 pandemic; promoting economic recovery and conditions for growth and job creation; strengthening state institutions and resilience of the country.
“I am here to relaunch the dialogue between my country and the European Union. Our partnership is strong, but I believe there is room for even deeper cooperation and stronger political, economic and sectoral ties. I am convinced that this partnership is the key to the prosperity of our country and I hope that we will continue to strengthen cooperation.”
The Moldovan delegation met Didier Reynders, European Commissioner for Justice. Tomorrow, there are scheduled common meetings with Oliver Varhelyi, European Commissioner for Neighborhood and Enlargement, Adina Valean, European Commissioner for Transport and Kadri Simson, European Commissioner for Energy.
Prime Minister will also attend a public event, along with Katarina Mathernova, Deputy Director-General for Neighbourhood Policy and Enlargement Negotiations.
Photo: gov.md
Politics
Promo-LEX about Maia Sandu’s UN speech: The president must insist on appointing a rapporteur to monitor the situation of human rights in Transnistria
The President of the Republic of Moldova, Maia Sandu, pays an official visit to New York, USA, between September 21-22. There, she participates in the work of the United Nations General Assembly. According to a press release of the President’s Office, the official will deliver a speech at the tribune of the United Nations.
In this context, the Promo-LEX Association suggested the president to request the appointment of a special rapporteur in order to monitor the situation of human rights in the Transnistrian region. According to Promo-LEX, the responsibility for human rights violations in the Transnistrian region arises as a result of the Russian Federation’s military, economic and political control over the Tiraspol regime.
“We consider it imperative to insist on the observance of the international commitments assumed by the Russian Federation regarding the withdrawal of the armed forces and ammunition from the territory of the country,” the representatives of Promo-LEX stated. They consider the speech before the UN an opportunity “to demand the observance of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights by the Russian Federation with reference to this territory which is in its full control.”
“It is important to remember about the numerous cases of murder, torture, ill-treatment, forced enlistment in illegal military structures, the application of pseudo-justice in the Transnistrian region, all carried out under the tacit agreement of the Russian Federation. These findings stem from dozens of rulings and decisions issued by the European Court of Human Rights, which found that Russia is responsible for human rights violations in the region.”
The association representatives expressed their hope that the president of the country would give priority to issues related to the human rights situation in the Transnistrian region and would call on relevant international actors to contribute to guaranteeing fundamental human rights and freedoms throughout Moldova.
They asked Maia Sandu to insist on the observance of the obligation to evacuate the ammunition and the military units of the Russian Federation from the territory of the Republic of Moldova, to publicly support the need for the Russian Federation to implement the ECtHR rulings on human rights violations in the Transnistrian region, and to request the appointment of an UN Human Rights Council special rapporteur to monitor the human rights situation in the Transnistrian region of the Republic of Moldova.
**
The Promo-LEX Association concluded that 14 out of 25 actions planned within the National Action Plan for the years 2018–2022 concerning respecting human rights in Transnistria were not carried out by the responsible authorities.
The association expressed its concern and mentioned that there are a large number of delays in the planned results. “There is a lack of communication and coordination between the designated institutions, which do not yet have a common vision of interaction for the implementation of the plan.”
Promo-LEX requested the Government of the Republic of Moldova to re-assess the reported activities and to take urgent measures, “which would exclude superficial implementation of future activities and increase the level of accountability of the authorities.”
Photo: peacekeeping.un.org
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