{"id":447575,"date":"2019-10-19T09:49:14","date_gmt":"2019-10-19T09:49:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.moldova.org\/en\/?p=447575"},"modified":"2019-10-27T07:56:48","modified_gmt":"2019-10-27T07:56:48","slug":"how-much-alcohol-do-moldovans-consume-the-repercussions-and-solutions-of-this-problem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.moldova.org\/en\/how-much-alcohol-do-moldovans-consume-the-repercussions-and-solutions-of-this-problem\/","title":{"rendered":"How much alcohol do Moldovans consume? The repercussions and solutions of this problem"},"content":{"rendered":"Reading Time: <\/span> 5<\/span> minutes<\/span><\/span>

The Republic of Moldova is one of the few countries in this world that celebrates the \u201cNational Wine Day\u201d<\/em><\/strong>. The celebration is organised every year on first weekend of October. Thousands of people gather, at that time, in the city centre of Chi\u0219in\u0103u to taste newly appeared on the market, as well as popular types of wine produced by wineries from all over the country. The\u00a0fete <\/a>of 2019 hosted 68 wine producers.<\/p>\n

At the same time, the World Health Organisation (WHO) Global status Report <\/a>on Alcohol and Health for 2018 says that Moldova has the highest levels of alcohol consumption per capita in the world. Even though the trend of alcohol consumption in Moldova is decreasing, as it dropped from 21.6 litres per capita in 2005 to 15.1 litres per capita in 2016 for persons over 15 years, that still does not remove it from this top.<\/p>\n

According to the report, Moldovans mostly drink wine – 57% of their consumption is represented by wine, followed by 25% spirits and 16% beer.<\/p>\n

Alcohol and health<\/h4>\n

It is not as important to analyse the quantity of the drunk alcohol, as the way it is consumed and the effects on the population. Therefore, the same WHO report states that, in 2016, 1907 persons out 100 000 died of liver cirrhosis, 188 out of 100 000 died of road traffic injuries and 799 out of 100 000 died of cancer. According to national statistics, there were also recorded 3.5 deaths per 100,000 people caused by alcohol intoxication in 2016.<\/p>\n

\"\"

source: time.com<\/p><\/div>\n

Alcohol is the cause of over 200 different diseases, including: neuropsychiatric disorders (epilepsy, depression, anxiety), digestive disorders (alcoholic liver cirrhosis, acute and chronic pancreatitis, alcoholic gastropathy), cancers (of the digestive tract and breast) or cardiovascular diseases (ischaemic, hemorrhagic, hypertension). Sexual dysfunctions are also very common – impotence for men and frigidity for women. When consuming an excessive amount of alcohol, the general tone of the body decreases, the interests, the goals in life disappear.<\/p>\n

Alcohol abuse by pregnant women presents an essential danger to the unborn child. When a pregnant woman drinks, alcohol is accumulated in the fetus’s body. The toxic effect is extremely high during intrauterine development, causing irreversible damage to the central nervous system of fetus: neurons do not develop properly, some cells are destroyed, others develop abnormally, as Ministry of Health<\/a> is warning.<\/p>\n

Alcohol and teenagers<\/h4>\n

Young people alcohol consumption is another alarming phenomenon in the Moldovan society. The data (the 2015 ESPAD Report<\/a>) shows that, in Moldova, 82% of pupils in 8th and 9th grades have consumed alcohol at least once in their lifetime. About 9% of them declared that they already suffered an alcohol intoxication.<\/p>\n

Alcohol and drivers<\/h4>\n

This year, traffic police officers discovered 3751 cases of drunk drivers. Because of drunk drivers, 30 people lost their lives on the country’s roads, and 134 suffered traumas. According to the National Patrol Inspectorate, the information campaigns, operations and sanctions applied by the police seem to be ignored by the drivers, which endanger the safety in road traffic.<\/p>\n

\"\"

source: politia.md<\/p><\/div>\n

Alcohol and violence<\/h4>\n

In addition to the impact on health and high risk of causing traumas, the excessive alcohol consumption may have dramatic social consequences, such as relational problems (deterioration of family relationships, separation, divorce, abuse and neglect of children), loss of friends, material difficulties, loss of work, loss of home, social exclusion, legal issues (fines, imprisonment), inappropriate sexual behaviour (unprotected sex, rape, unwanted pregnancy), etc.<\/p>\n

According to the WHO report, men consume 4 times more alcohol than women. Therefore, the consumption of alcoholic beverages increases the risk of domestic violence, especially towards women.<\/p>\n

A report<\/a> from 2011 on violence against women in the Republic of Moldova shows that 79% of respondents consider excessive alcohol consumption to be the main cause of domestic violence and a share of 38.7% of women in Moldova are victims of physical violence because of their consuming alcohol husband, whereas 50,4% of women are victims of sexual violence. Even though the data may be a bit outdated and the situation could have been improved in the meantime, the numbers are more than alarming.<\/p>\n

Identified solutions<\/h3>\n

Moldova has a national policy<\/strong> regarding alcohol consumption, implemented excise taxes on alcohol and restrictions for selling alcoholic beverages. In 2012, the Ministry of Health adopted an eight-year national plan to ban certain advertisements, raised taxes on hard liquor, restricted sales hours and raised the legal drinking age from 16 to 18. Also, the government reduced the legal blood alcohol content, made penalties more severe and increased breath testing.<\/p>\n

Various measures are tried to be implemented by the local authorities as well. In 2018, the former mayor of Puhoi village, Petru Frunze, promoted an innovative project. He invited 20 alcohol addicted persons to sign an agreement<\/strong> with the mayor’s office, which obligated them to stop consuming alcoholic beverages for half a year. Instead, he promised them jobs and cash prizes worth 1,000 MDL.<\/p>\n

\"\"

source: time.com<\/p><\/div>\n

The purpose of the initiative was to determine capable to work but alcohol-dependent citizens to be hired and work, thus to reduce domestic violence. Petru Frunze believes that in order to solve the problem of alcoholism in the country, a specialised institution must be created, as Moldova.org<\/a> reported.<\/p>\n

“There should be someone who always watches over them, because otherwise they fall into temptation. It would be good to have an institution at the national level to deal with such things, to develop rehabilitation programs for alcohol addicts. In addition, the problem begins in the teenage years. Even if young people are graduating, they are not encouraged to start to work. There are many jobs that are not so well paid, but still a salary of 5,000-6,000 lei is a better alternative than becoming alcoholic. The state must get involved.”<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Currently, the project is no longer carried out in Puhoi. However, it may serve as a good example of trying to solve such social problems on the local level.<\/p>\n

Last year, the National Probation Inspectorate, which aims to implement the measures of reintegration of the Moldovan offenders in the society, set up a method to fight drunk or drugged drivers: their driving licences are withdrawn. In order to recover them, drivers have to take special courses.<\/p>\n

The program was called “Drink & Drive” <\/strong><\/a>and started in\u00a0March 2019, including 12 sessions. During two of them, the beneficiaries go to the Legal Medicine Centre and the Emergency Hospital. They participate in the autopsy process and even wash the bodies or their places of storage, and in case of emergency, they must provide assistance to road accident victims.<\/p>\n

At the same time, the National Police of Moldova launched a telephone line<\/strong> (067 112 902) exclusively for the notification of the Police regarding the cases of drivers driving or attempting to drive their cars while being drunk.<\/p>\n

A still existing problem<\/h3>\n

According to Time<\/a>, accurate figures for Moldova are hard to reach because up to 70% of consumed alcohol is homemade wine. At the same time, while taxes on hard liquor were raised, beer and wine are still cheap. There is no legal requirement of asking beer and wine consumers to present their ID in Moldovan pubs and bars.<\/p>\n

Moreover,\u00a0 the existing regulations are not effectively enforced. For example, most bars and supermarkets don\u2019t care about the legal time restrictions, nor the about the legal age limits, especially in the countryside.<\/p>\n

The law<\/a> on preventing and combating domestic violence in Moldova still contains lacuna and is not fully enforced to fight this phenomenon.<\/p>\n

Photo: time.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Reading Time: <\/span> 5<\/span> minutes<\/span><\/span>The Republic of Moldova is one of the few countries in this world that celebrates the \u201cNational Wine Day\u201d. The celebration is organised every year on first weekend of October. Thousands of people gather, at that time, in the city centre of Chi\u0219in\u0103u to taste newly appeared on the market, as well as popular types […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":447580,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,56],"tags":[436,35,27,437,438],"class_list":["post-447575","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-society","category-reportaje","tag-alcohol","tag-important","tag-moldova","tag-problem","tag-social"],"content_social_share":"Reading Time: <\/span> 5<\/span> minutes<\/span><\/span>

The Republic of Moldova is one of the few countries in this world that celebrates the \u201cNational Wine Day\u201d<\/em><\/strong>. The celebration is organised every year on first weekend of October. Thousands of people gather, at that time, in the city centre of Chi\u0219in\u0103u to taste newly appeared on the market, as well as popular types of wine produced by wineries from all over the country. The\u00a0fete <\/a>of 2019 hosted 68 wine producers.<\/p>\n

At the same time, the World Health Organisation (WHO) Global status Report <\/a>on Alcohol and Health for 2018 says that Moldova has the highest levels of alcohol consumption per capita in the world. Even though the trend of alcohol consumption in Moldova is decreasing, as it dropped from 21.6 litres per capita in 2005 to 15.1 litres per capita in 2016 for persons over 15 years, that still does not remove it from this top.<\/p>\n

According to the report, Moldovans mostly drink wine – 57% of their consumption is represented by wine, followed by 25% spirits and 16% beer.<\/p>\n

Alcohol and health<\/h4>\n

It is not as important to analyse the quantity of the drunk alcohol, as the way it is consumed and the effects on the population. Therefore, the same WHO report states that, in 2016, 1907 persons out 100 000 died of liver cirrhosis, 188 out of 100 000 died of road traffic injuries and 799 out of 100 000 died of cancer. According to national statistics, there were also recorded 3.5 deaths per 100,000 people caused by alcohol intoxication in 2016.<\/p>\n

\"\"

source: time.com<\/p><\/div>\n

Alcohol is the cause of over 200 different diseases, including: neuropsychiatric disorders (epilepsy, depression, anxiety), digestive disorders (alcoholic liver cirrhosis, acute and chronic pancreatitis, alcoholic gastropathy), cancers (of the digestive tract and breast) or cardiovascular diseases (ischaemic, hemorrhagic, hypertension). Sexual dysfunctions are also very common – impotence for men and frigidity for women. When consuming an excessive amount of alcohol, the general tone of the body decreases, the interests, the goals in life disappear.<\/p>\n

Alcohol abuse by pregnant women presents an essential danger to the unborn child. When a pregnant woman drinks, alcohol is accumulated in the fetus’s body. The toxic effect is extremely high during intrauterine development, causing irreversible damage to the central nervous system of fetus: neurons do not develop properly, some cells are destroyed, others develop abnormally, as Ministry of Health<\/a> is warning.<\/p>\n

Alcohol and teenagers<\/h4>\n

Young people alcohol consumption is another alarming phenomenon in the Moldovan society. The data (the 2015 ESPAD Report<\/a>) shows that, in Moldova, 82% of pupils in 8th and 9th grades have consumed alcohol at least once in their lifetime. About 9% of them declared that they already suffered an alcohol intoxication.<\/p>\n

Alcohol and drivers<\/h4>\n

This year, traffic police officers discovered 3751 cases of drunk drivers. Because of drunk drivers, 30 people lost their lives on the country’s roads, and 134 suffered traumas. According to the National Patrol Inspectorate, the information campaigns, operations and sanctions applied by the police seem to be ignored by the drivers, which endanger the safety in road traffic.<\/p>\n

\"\"

source: politia.md<\/p><\/div>\n

Alcohol and violence<\/h4>\n

In addition to the impact on health and high risk of causing traumas, the excessive alcohol consumption may have dramatic social consequences, such as relational problems (deterioration of family relationships, separation, divorce, abuse and neglect of children), loss of friends, material difficulties, loss of work, loss of home, social exclusion, legal issues (fines, imprisonment), inappropriate sexual behaviour (unprotected sex, rape, unwanted pregnancy), etc.<\/p>\n

According to the WHO report, men consume 4 times more alcohol than women. Therefore, the consumption of alcoholic beverages increases the risk of domestic violence, especially towards women.<\/p>\n

A report<\/a> from 2011 on violence against women in the Republic of Moldova shows that 79% of respondents consider excessive alcohol consumption to be the main cause of domestic violence and a share of 38.7% of women in Moldova are victims of physical violence because of their consuming alcohol husband, whereas 50,4% of women are victims of sexual violence. Even though the data may be a bit outdated and the situation could have been improved in the meantime, the numbers are more than alarming.<\/p>\n

Identified solutions<\/h3>\n

Moldova has a national policy<\/strong> regarding alcohol consumption, implemented excise taxes on alcohol and restrictions for selling alcoholic beverages. In 2012, the Ministry of Health adopted an eight-year national plan to ban certain advertisements, raised taxes on hard liquor, restricted sales hours and raised the legal drinking age from 16 to 18. Also, the government reduced the legal blood alcohol content, made penalties more severe and increased breath testing.<\/p>\n

Various measures are tried to be implemented by the local authorities as well. In 2018, the former mayor of Puhoi village, Petru Frunze, promoted an innovative project. He invited 20 alcohol addicted persons to sign an agreement<\/strong> with the mayor’s office, which obligated them to stop consuming alcoholic beverages for half a year. Instead, he promised them jobs and cash prizes worth 1,000 MDL.<\/p>\n

\"\"

source: time.com<\/p><\/div>\n

The purpose of the initiative was to determine capable to work but alcohol-dependent citizens to be hired and work, thus to reduce domestic violence. Petru Frunze believes that in order to solve the problem of alcoholism in the country, a specialised institution must be created, as Moldova.org<\/a> reported.<\/p>\n

“There should be someone who always watches over them, because otherwise they fall into temptation. It would be good to have an institution at the national level to deal with such things, to develop rehabilitation programs for alcohol addicts. In addition, the problem begins in the teenage years. Even if young people are graduating, they are not encouraged to start to work. There are many jobs that are not so well paid, but still a salary of 5,000-6,000 lei is a better alternative than becoming alcoholic. The state must get involved.”<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Currently, the project is no longer carried out in Puhoi. However, it may serve as a good example of trying to solve such social problems on the local level.<\/p>\n

Last year, the National Probation Inspectorate, which aims to implement the measures of reintegration of the Moldovan offenders in the society, set up a method to fight drunk or drugged drivers: their driving licences are withdrawn. In order to recover them, drivers have to take special courses.<\/p>\n

The program was called “Drink & Drive” <\/strong><\/a>and started in\u00a0March 2019, including 12 sessions. During two of them, the beneficiaries go to the Legal Medicine Centre and the Emergency Hospital. They participate in the autopsy process and even wash the bodies or their places of storage, and in case of emergency, they must provide assistance to road accident victims.<\/p>\n

At the same time, the National Police of Moldova launched a telephone line<\/strong> (067 112 902) exclusively for the notification of the Police regarding the cases of drivers driving or attempting to drive their cars while being drunk.<\/p>\n

A still existing problem<\/h3>\n

According to Time<\/a>, accurate figures for Moldova are hard to reach because up to 70% of consumed alcohol is homemade wine. At the same time, while taxes on hard liquor were raised, beer and wine are still cheap. There is no legal requirement of asking beer and wine consumers to present their ID in Moldovan pubs and bars.<\/p>\n

Moreover,\u00a0 the existing regulations are not effectively enforced. For example, most bars and supermarkets don\u2019t care about the legal time restrictions, nor the about the legal age limits, especially in the countryside.<\/p>\n

The law<\/a> on preventing and combating domestic violence in Moldova still contains lacuna and is not fully enforced to fight this phenomenon.<\/p>\n

Photo: time.com<\/p>\n

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